Cultural Heritage II:

The West in the World

(IDS 172)





Description

The West in the World is a fast-paced, ambitious, panoramic survey of the big questions, political systems, technological advances, and cultural movements that have swept over the Western world—in the context of other civilizations—during the last 500 years: from the Renaissance to Postmodernism. The method of the course is interdisciplinary, involving history, literature, philosophy, and, sometimes, the arts. The course is designed to capitalize on the multiple ways—textual, auditory, visual, and practical—that people learn. Giving careful attention to the appropriate methods of each discipline—as well as their points of intersection—we will consider historical documents, philosophical treatises, and literary works, as well as films, paintings, music, material artifacts, and anything else that helps us to grasp the combination of strangeness and familiarity that characterizes our collective past. This will not be easy. The course requires regular reading (about 100+ pages per week), 30 or more pages of writing (spread out over the semester), considerable discussion (with special, “seminar style” meetings required about every other week), frequent quizzes, four essay exams, and, of course, a lot of listening, note-taking, and study (the classes are lecture-oriented with ample multimedia supplementation). It’s a challenge, but “Cultural Heritage II” should lay the foundation for a lifetime of growth for you as the heir of a rich cultural legacy and as a citizen of the world.


Instructor: Dr. Pannapacker

Class Meetings: MWF 8:30-9:20 or 9:30-10:20 AM in Lubbers 121, and six or more seminar meetings (14 students max.) at the Kletz.

FOR STUDENTS INTERESTED IN THE ONLINE VERSION OF THIS COURSE IN THE MAY, JUNE, AND JULY TERMS (SEE THIS LOGIN PAGE FOR ACCESS TO THE MOODLE DELIVERY SYSTEM). THE ASSIGNMENTS AND REQUIREMENTS ARE SIMILAR BUT THE ENTIRE COURSE IS ONLINE AND CONCENTRATED OVER 4 WEEKS.



Schedule

January 10 (Wednesday): Before class, familiarize yourself with the "Texts, Requirements, and Policies" (above). Bookmark this course Web site and plan on checking it regularly for updates to the schedule. The schedule is carefully designed, but it may need to change slightly as the course develops. Take note of the exam dates and paper deadlines in bold below; these will not change except under the most unusual circumstances. If you have time now, you might want to begin reading and exploring ahead (see the next few scheduled classes). The second class will be an extended introduction to the methods and larger questions of the course. If you intend to come to the first seminar meeting on January 17, you should start reading Hamlet (or view one of the more faithful film versions--I prefer Laurence Olivier's, Derek Jacobi's, or Kenneth Branagh's) as soon as possible.

January 12 (Friday): You will find today's handout here: Handout on Methods. Be sure to print this Handout and bring it with you to this class; handouts normally will not be available. There is no reading assignment for this particular class (but you might want to start reading ahead, especially if you intend to come to the seminar meeting on Hamlet). The Powerpoint slides and recorded, condensed versions of the lectures are available here for later review (that is, you need not download the lecture before class, but you might want to do so when you are getting closer to the exam): Presentation #1, Lecture #1 (41 minutes). Please be aware that the recorded lectures are from the most recent version of the online course (summer 2006); they reference some assignments that you do not have, but the lectures should be helpful for a general review of the material, particularly if you missed a class. I have included them as a convenience for you and not as a formal part of the course. I try to keep the links on this Web site as up-to-date as possible, but please inform me if a link has died or it goes to the wrong place .

January 15 (Monday): Read for class: The West in the World (WW from now on), Chapter 10: “A New Spirit in the West: The Renaissance, ca. 1300-1640” (331-352). Also browse the links on the course Website under “Resources” for Chapter 10 (at the bottom of this page). Examine the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, peruse Pico’s “Oration on the Dignity of Man,” contemplate Michelangelo’s David and Rafael’s The School of Athens, and, if time allows, explore the history and architecture of Florence’s Duomo (Santa Maria del Fiore). Please bring the Handout on the Renaissance to this class and the next one. The Powerpoint slides and a condensed version of the lectures on Chapter 10 are available here for review later: Presentation #2, Lecture #2 (63-minutes).

January 17 (Wednesday): Last day to enroll for credit and last day to drop. Quiz #1. Read WW (352-360, 362-365). Also browse the links at the bottom of this Web page under “Resources” for Chapter 10. See Leonardo’s Notebooks and consider the mysteries of his Mona Lisa, then read Machiavelli’s The Prince (chapters 17-21), and Shakespeare's Hamlet, Act 5, Scene 1. Apart from the specifically assigned readings (e.g., five chapters of Machiavelli and one act of Hamlet), which are crucial for your understanding of the lectures, these browsing assignments of the "Resources" are supplementary, that is, they will enrich your experience in this course, but your engagement with them is at your own discretion--as much as you have time for, though I hope you will be able to make time. They might provide "glue" that helps the reading "stick" in your mind. I will not specifically quiz you on your browsing, but this kind of extra knowledge can count as the "Plus factor" in quizzes and the essay parts of the exams. Seminar Meetings at the Kletz Today (Literature: Hamlet, 11-11:50, 12-12:50).

January 19 (Friday): Read for class: WW, Chapter 11: “‘Alone Before God’: Religious Reform and Warfare, 1500-1648" (pages 376-386). In Resources, read Luther's "95 Theses" and his essay "Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants." Read the Peasants' "12 Articles." Then browse the other items in Resources at your discretion--find something that interests you and go exploring. Print this Handout on the Reformation for the next several classes. The Powerpoint Slides and a condensed version of the lectures on Chapter 11 are available here for review later: Presentation #3 and Lecture #3 (67 minutes).

January 22 (Monday): Quiz #2. Read for Class: WW, 386-391, read Loyola's "Spiritual Exercises" (Resources), and browse the other Resources for Chapter 11 at your discretion.

January 24 (Wednesday): Read for Class: WW, 398-403, and Erasmus' In Praise of Folly (pages 32-42), his "Cyclops, or, the Gospel-Bearer" (in Resources), and browse the relevant resources for Chapter 11 as time allows. Seminar Meetings at the Kletz today (Literature: Praise of Folly, 1-1:50, 2-2:50). The take-home portion of the exam will be available online today here.

January 26 (Friday): EXAM #1, Take-home portion also due today in class.

January 29 (Monday): Read for class: WW, Chapter 12: “Faith, Fortune, and Fame: European Expansion, 1450-1700” (pages 407-414, 415-423, 425-427). Also read "Amerigo Vespucci Describes the New World" (D12.2 in the primary readings at the end of chapter 12). Browse the resources below concerning navigation, sailing, trade, the Conquistadores, the Azetcs, etc. Print this Handout on the Age of Exploration for the next three classes. The Powerpoint slides and a condensed version of the lectures on Chapter 12 are available here for review later: Presentation #4 and Lecture #4 (84 minutes).

January 31 (Wednesday): Read for class: WW, 423-425, "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano" (below), and chapters 1 and 10 of The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Browse the resources on slavery. Seminar Meetings at the Kletz (Literature: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, 3-3:50, 4-4:50).

February 2 (Friday): Quiz #3. Read for class: WW, 414-415, 427-437, and the excerpted chapters from William Bradford's "Of Plymouth Plantation" (below in Resources for Chapter 12). If time allows, explore the resources on the Pilgrims, Vermeer, and anything else that interests you.

February 5 (Monday): Read for class: WW, Chapter 13: “The Struggle for Survival and Sovereignty: Europe’s Social and Political Order, 1600-1715” (443-447, 449-452, 462-476). Also browse the relevant resources below on topics that interest you. Print this Handout on Conservatism and Liberalism for class. The Powerpoint slides and a condensed version of the lectures on Chapter 13 are available here for review later: Presentation #5, Lecture #5 (38 minutes).

February 7 (Wednesday): Session on writing papers for this course; please review the guidelines for the two required papers here. Paris's presentation on the MLA method and paper writing can be found here. Seminar Meetings at the Kletz today (Philosophy: Locke's Second Treatise of Government, 11-11:50, 12-12:50).

February 9 (Friday): Read for class: Hobbes' Leviathan (chapters 10, 18, and 29 in Resources below) and Locke's Second Treatise of Government (chapters 2, 7, and 19).

February 12 (Monday): WINTER RECESS, NO CLASS.

February 14 (Wednesday): Read for class: WW, Chapter 14: “A New World of Reason and Reform: The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, 1600-1800” (pages 483-495); also read Rene Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy (Meditations 1 and 2) under Chapter 14 Resources below. Browse some of the relevant links. Print this Handout on the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment for the next classes. A condensed version of the lectures on Chapter 14 and the Powerpoint slides are available here for review later: Lecture #6 (77 minutes), Presentation #6. Seminar Meetings at the Kletz today (Philosophy: Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals, 1-1:50, 2-2:50).

February 16 (Friday): Quiz #4. Read for class: WW, 495-510, and Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography (Book 2) and Immanuel Kant's Metaphysics of Morals (first section, "Transition from the Common...," below the"Preface" section, scroll down) below under resources. Browse some of the relevant links.

February 19 (Monday): Quiz #5. Read for class: WW, Chapter 15: “Competing for Power and Wealth: The Old Regime, 1715-1789” (pages 522-539). Some of the reading recaps material we covered earlier on slavery and colonization (we won't address in class, but it's useful review and supplementation). Visit the "Hogarth Archive" (below) for some visual "texts" on life in this era; consider some of the other links as well up to the "Declaration of Independence." Print this Handout on the Old Regime and the American Revolution for the next classes. A condensed version of the lectures on Chapter 15 and the Powerpoint slides are available here for review later: Lecture #7 (56 minutes), Presentation #7.

February 21 (Wednesday): Read for class: WW, 539-548. Also read the "Declaration of Independence" and at least the first couple chapters of Daniel DeFoe's Moll Flanders, one of the first novels (see below). Seminar Meetings at the Kletz (Literature and Philosophy: Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (3-3:50, 4-4:50). Take-home portion of Exam #2 will be available here today.

February 23 (Friday): EXAM #2. Take-home portion also due today in class.

February 26 (Monday): Read for class: WW, Chapter 16: “Overturning the Political and Social Order: The French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789-1815” (pages 553-571). Also read Robespierre on "Virtue and Terror" and Edmund Burke, Reflections on the French Revolution (see links below). Print this Handout for the next few classes. A condensed version of the lectures on Chapter 16 and the Powerpoint slides are available here for review later: Lecture #8 (56 minutes), Presentation #8.

February 28 (Wednesday): Read for class: WW, 571-583. Also BROWSE some of the links relating to Napoleon. Seminar Meetings at the Kletz today (Literature: Frankenstein, 11-11:50, 12-12:50).

March 2 (Friday): Quiz #6 Read for class: WW, Chapter 17: “Factories, Cities, and Families in the Industrial Age: The Industrial Revolution, 1780-1850” (pages 587-603). Print this Handout on the Industrial Revolution for class. A condensed version of the lectures on Chapter 17 and the Powerpoint slides are available here for review later: Lecture #9 (53 minutes), Presentation #9.

March 5 (Monday): ALL FIRST-HALF PAPERS ARE DUE BY THIS CLASS. Read for class, WW, 603-616, and 634 (short sketch of Marx), The Communist Manifesto (part 1 and part 4), and browse some of the links that interest you (see below).

March 7 (Wednesday): WW, Chapter 18: “Coping with Change: Ideology, Politics, and Revolution, 1815-1850” (pages 619-628, 642-649) and Mill's On Liberty (Chapter 3). Also BROWSE the relevant links below. Print this Handout on Romanticism and Nationalism for class. A condensed version of the lectures on Chapter 18 and the Powerpoint slides are available here for review later: Lecture #10 (72 minutes), Presentation #10. Seminar Meetings at the Kletz today (Philosophy: The Communist Manifesto, 1-1:50, 2-2:50). MID-TERM GRADES SUBMITTED TODAY.

March 9 (Friday): Read for class: WW, 625-632, 642-649, and Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (Chapters 4 and 5), and browse the other links below.

March 12 (Monday): Read for class: WW, Chapter 19: “Nationalism and Statebuilding: Unifying Nations, 1850-1870” (Pages 653-662, note the sketch of Florence Nightingale on 668-669), and Read the following sections from Twilight of the Idols by Friedrich Nietzsche: "Maxims and Arrows," "Morality as Anti-Nature," and "The 'Improvers' of Mankind"; Print this Handout on Nietzsche, Nursing and Nationalism for the next class. Lecture #11 (61 minutes), Presentation #11

March 14 (Wednesday): Quiz #7. Read Lincoln's "Emancipation Proclamation" and the "Gettysburg Address"; also browse some of the relevant links below. Seminar Meetings at the Kletz today (Philosophy: On Liberty, 3-3:50, 4-4:50).

March 16 (Friday): SPRING RECESS BEGINS.

March 19 (Monday): SPRING RECESS CONTINUES.

March 21 (Wednesday): SPRING RECESS CONTINUES.

March 23 (Friday): SPRING RECESS CONTINUES.

March 26 (Monday): Read for class: WW, Chapter 20: “Mass Politics and Imperial Domination: Democracy and the New Imperialism, 1870-1914” (pages 676-678, 680-690). Also BROWSE the relevant links below. Print this Handout on Liberal Reforms and the New Imperialism for class. A condensed version of the lectures on Chapter 20 and the Powerpoint slides are available here for review later: Lecture #12 (63 minutes), Presentation #12.

March 28 (Wednesday): Quiz #8. Read for class: WW, 690-702; also read Kipling's poem, "The White Man's Burden" (in resources), Conrad's Heart of Darkness (Part III), and any of the links that interest you (see below). Seminar Meetings at the Kletz Today (Philosophy: Twilight of the Idols, 11-11:50, 12-12:50).

March 30 (Friday): CLASS CANCELLED.

April 2 (Monday): Read for class: WW, Chapter 21: “Modern Life and the Culture of Progress, 1850-1914” (pages 705-718). Also read Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives ("The Problem of the Children") below, and BROWSE the relevant links that interest you. Print this Handout on Victorian Culture for the next class. A condensed version of the lectures on Chapter 21 and the Powerpoint slides are available here for review later: Lecture #13 (64 minutes), Presentation #13. Take-home portion of exam will be available today here.

April 4 (Wednesday): EXAM #3. Take-home portion also due today in class. Seminar Meetings at the Kletz (Literature: Heart of Darkness, 1-1:50, 2-2:50).

April 6 (Friday): GOOD FRIDAY—NO CLASS.

April 9 (Monday): Read for class: WW, 718-732, and Freud's Totem and Taboo (pages 16-30); also BROWSE the more interesting and relevant links.

April 11 (Wednesday): Read for class: WW, Chapter 22: “Descending into the Twentieth Century: World War and Revolution, 1914-1920” (pages 737-752). Also BROWSE the relevant links below. Print this Handout on World War One for class. A condensed version of the lectures on Chapter 22 and the Powerpoint slides are available here for review later: Lecture #14 (62 minutes), Presentation #14. Seminar Meetings at the Kletz today (Philosophy: Totem and Taboo, 3-3:50, 4-4:50).

April 13 (Friday): Read for Class: WW, Chapter 22, pages 752-763. Read "Dulce et Decorum Est" by Wilfred Owen (linked below). Also BROWSE the relevant links that interest you.

April 16 (Monday): Quiz #9. Read for Class: WW, Chapter 23: "Darkening Decades: Dictators, Depression, and World War II, 1920-1945" (pages 769-776, 784-790) and any of the links that interest you below. Print this Handout on World War II for class. A condensed version of the lectures on Chapter 23 and the Powerpoint slides are available here for review later: Lecture #15 (70 minutes), Presentation #15.

April 18 (Wednesday): Read for Class: WW, Chapter 23, pages 794-805, and read Hitler's Mein Kampf (chapter 11; please note this is a racist work that I include for educational purposes) in the Resources below; also browse other links that interest you. Seminar Meetings at the Kletz today (Literature: Howl, 11-11:50, 12-12:50; FYI, Howl is one of the most influential literary works of the 20th century, but be aware that it contains adult language and content that some readers might find offensive).

April 20 (Friday): Read for Class: WW, Chapter 24: "Superpower Struggles and Global Transformations, The Cold War, 1945-1980s" (pages 811-822, 828-831). Also BROWSE the relevant and interesting links below. Print this Handout on the Cold War, De-colonization, Civil Rights, and Oil for class. A condensed version of the lectures on Chapter 24 and the Powerpoint slides are available here for review later: Lecture #16, Presentation #16.

April 23 (Monday): Quiz #10. Read for Class: WW, Chapter 24, pages 831-845. Read Howl (part II) by Allen Ginsberg (note, again, the potentially offensive, sexual content and language of this poem). Also BROWSE the relevant and interesting links below.

April 25 (Wednesday): Read for Class: WW, Chapter 25: "Into the Twenty-First Century: The Present in Perspective" (pages 851-854, 859-866), and BROWSE the relevant links below. Print this Handout on the Present for class. A condensed version of the lectures on Chapter 25 and the Powerpoint slides are available here for review later: Lecture #17 (68 minutes) and viewing this Presentation #17 (Please note, the recorded lecture was made in May, 2006, and may not yet reflect major current events). No Seminar Meeting in the Kletz Today, but I will have office hours all afternoon if you want to discuss your paper.

April 27 (Friday): ALL SECOND-HALF PAPERS DUE IN CLASS TODAY. Read for Class: WW, Chapter 25, pages 866-879, the "Speech of Osama bin Laden" (see Resources), and also BROWSE the relevant links below. The take-home portion of exam will be available today here.

FINAL EXAM on May 1 or May 2: EXAM #4. 9:30 Class will meet Tuesday, May 1, 2:00-3:00; 8:30 Class will meet Wednesday, May 2, 10:30-11:30. Take-home portion also due at the time of the exam.



Resources
Please Note: These links are generally not a formal part of the course; they are intended to stimulate your curiosity. Many of these links are to Wiki sites that are created by users. I cannot guarantee the accuracy of the contents of all these sites, and I caution you that users may sometimes add links to these sites that some readers may find offensive. As we shall discuss in class, you should use careful judgment when reading online sources that do not contain rigorous scholarly documentation. These sources are not normally appropriate for citation in papers. Suggestions are welcome. Please let me know if you find any dead or inappropriate links.


Supplementing Chapter 10

Sistine Chapel [Click Mid Years].

Tour Florence on the Wikipedia.

Pico's "Oration on the Dignity of Man".

Background and Summary of Pico's Oration.

Michelangelo's Sculpture of David.

Rafael's School of Athens [scroll down a little].

Florence's "Duomo" (Santa Maria del Fiore).

Leonardo's Notebooks.

Leonardo's Mona Lisa.

Machiavelli's The Prince [see chapters 17-21].

Hamlet on the Wikipedia, including Plot Summary.

Shakespeare's Hamlet: Complete Text.

Kenneth Branagh's Hamlet: Act 3, Scene 1, "To Be or Not to Be.".

Renaissance Resources (A good collection of links on the Wikipedia).

Supplementing Chapter 11

Protestant Reformation, General Information.

Indulgences.

Luther's "95 Theses".

Luther before the Diet of Worms (from the film, Luther (2003).

The Peasant's War.

The Peasant's 12 Articles.

Martin Luther, "Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants".

John Calvin.

Counter-Reformation, General Information.

Council of Trent.

Ignatius of Loyola.

Society of Jesus.

"The Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola."

Saint Peter's Basilica.

On Baroque Art.

Teresa of Avila.

The Inquisition.

Saint Batholomew's Day Massacre.

Erasmus.

Erasmus, In Praise of Folly

Erasmus, "Cyclops, or the Gosepl-Bearer" [Scroll Down]

The Protestant Work Ethic.

Supplementing Chapter 12

Cartography (Mapmaking).

Gerardus Mercator.

Navigation.

The Caravel .

Pirates.

Tobacco.

Maize.

Cabinets of Curiosities.

Slavery, A General History.

Excerpts from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano (1789).

Olaudah Equiano.

Prester John.

Excerpts from Of Plymouth Plantation by William Bradford (arrived on Mayflower in 1620).

William Bradford.

The “Pilgrims”.

Indiginous Peoples of the Americas.

Christopher Columbus.

Ferdinand Magellan.

Amerigo Vespucci.

The Aztecs.

The Inca Empire.

Hernan Cortes.

Francisco Pizarro.

Johannes Vermeer.

Supplementing Chapter 13

The Leviathan (1660) by Thomas Hobbes.

The Second Treatise of Civil Government (1690) by John Locke.

John Locke.

Liberalism.

Thomas Hobbes.

Conservatism.

English Civil War.

King Charles II .

Louis XVI.

Versailles.

Samuel Pepys.

Amsterdam.

Rembrandt.

Supplementing Chapter 14

Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) by Rene Descartes.

Rene Descartes.

Scientific Revolution, General Article, Many Links.

"Paradigm Shifts": Origins of Scientific Revolutions (Wikpedia).

Ptolemy.

Hermes Trismegistus.

Copernicus.

Galileo.

Tycho Brahe.

Giordano Bruno.

Johannes Kepler.

Isaac Newton.

Paracelsus.

Vesalius.

William Harvey.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

Robert Boyle.

Francis Bacon.

Christiaan Huuygens.

Royal Society of London.

Royal Observatory, Greenwich.

American Philosophical Society.

Book Two from The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (1789).

Benjamin Franklin.

Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals: On a Supposed Right to Lie because of Philanthropic Concerns,. (1785) Part I., by Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant.

Age of Enlightenment, General Article, Many Links.

Orrery.

David Hume.

Montesquieu.

Voltaire.

Denis Diderot.

Encyclopedie.

Deism.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

Adam Smith.

Mary Wollstonecraft.

The Salon.

Joshua Reynolds, Artist.

John Singleton Copley, Artist.

Jean-Honore Fragonard, Artist.

Christopher Wren, Architect.

Supplementing Chapter 15

The William Hogarth Archive (University of Wales, Lampeter).

William Hogarth.

Maria Theresa of Austria.

Peter the Great of Russia.

Catherine the Great of Russia.

Frederick the Great of Prussia.

Frederick the Great's "Instructions to his Generals".

Joseph II of Austria.

Seven Years' War.

Louis XV Of France.

George I of Great Britain.

Robert Walpole.

Enlightened Absolutism.

Jethro Tull.

Enclosure of the Common Land.

Industrial Revolution.

"The Declaration of Independence" (1776).

Declaration of Independence.

Moll Flanders (1722) by Daniel Defoe.

Moll Flanders.

Daniel Defoe.

Fanny Burney.

Antoine Watteau.

Jean-Baptiste Grueze.

Rococo Art.

English Garden as opposed to the French.

Johann Sebastian Bach.

George Frederic Handel.

Opera.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Methodism.

John Singleton Copley.

American Revolution.

George Washington.

Thomas Jefferson.

John Adams.

Supplementing Chapter 16

Reflections on the Revolution in France (1791) by Edmund Burke. (Read from the paragraph that begins, "You had all these advantages ...," to the one that ends, "But the cause of all was plain from the beginning.")

Edmund Burke.

Robespierre on "Virtue and Terror".

Maximilien Robespierre.

The French Revolution.

The Guillotine.

The Bastille.

Jacques Louis David.

Napoleon Bonaparte.

Francisco Goya.

Duke of Wellington.

Battle of Waterloo.

Simon Bolivar.

Battle of Trafalgar.

Rosetta Stone.

Champollion: Father of Egyptology.

Supplementing Chapter 17

Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto.

About the Communist Manifesto.

Karl Marx.

The Industrial Revolution.

Capitalism.

Child Labor.

Charles Dickens.

The Crystal Palace (Widipedia).

Queen Victoria.

Victorian Era.

Thomas Malthus.

The Working Class.

The Luddites.

Cholera.

Public Health.

Liverpool, England.

The Peterloo Massacre.

The Reform Bills.

Trade Unions.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire.

Irish Potato Famine.

Supplementing Chapter 18

The Congress of Vienna.

The Netherlands.

Metternich.

Biedermeier Art and Design.

Monroe Doctrine.

Conservatism.

Liberalism.

John Stuart Mill.

John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, one of the key documents of classical liberalism.

Edmund Burke.

Jeremy Bentham.

Harriet Taylor.

"The Reform Bills".

Giuseppe Mazzini.

Louis-Napoleon.

Chartism.

Revolutions of 1848.

Nationalism.

Romanticism.

"Kubla Khan" (1797) by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

"She Walks in Beauty" (1814) by George Gordon, Lord Byron .

Lord Byron.

Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley.

Frankenstein.

Transcendentalism.

Germaine de Stael.

Ludwig Van Beethoven.

Brothers Grimm.

Supplementing Chapter 19

Friedrich Nietzsche.

Victor Emmanuel of Italy.

Cavour.

Crimean War.

Giuseppe Garibaldi.

Otto von Bismarck.

Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry.

Lincoln's Letter to Horace Greeley (1862).

Lincoln's "Emancipation Proclamation" (1863).

"Emancipation Proclamation".

Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address" (1863).

"Gettysburg Address".

Abraham Lincoln.

American Civil War.

Florence Nightingale.

Clara Barton.

Nursing as Profession.

U.S. Sanitary Commission; also see the Official Link.

Mary Ann Bickerdyke.

Supplementing Chapter 20

Public Education.

Yellow Journalism.

Liberal Democracy.

William Gladstone.

Queen Victoria.

Trade Unions.

Ludlow Massacre.

Socialism.

Fabian Society.

Anarchism.

Emma Goldman.

Mikhail Bakunin.

The Haymarket Tragedy.

Anti-Semitism.

The Drefus Affair.

Anti-Jewish Pogroms.

Zionism.

"Protocols of the Elders of Zion".

Women's Suffrage.

Emmeline Pankhurst.

Susan B. Anthony.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

Immigration to the United States.

The New Imperialism.

Colonialism.

The "White Man's Burden".

Rudyard Kipling.

"The White Man's Burden" by Kipling.

The Suez Canal.

Panama Canal.

Theodore Roosevelt.

Machine Gun.

Quinine and Malaria.

Battleships.

King Leopold II of Belgium, Private Colonizer of the Congo.

Joseph Conrad.

About The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad.

Excerpt from The Heart of Darkness.

Cecil Rhodes.

The Boer War.

South Africa.

The British Raj.

Sati or Wife Burning.

Cult of Kali .

Thuggee.

Sepoy Mutiny of 1857.

Mahatma Gandhi.

Opium Wars.

Spanish-American War.

Boxer Rebellion.

Racism.

Cultural Imperialism.

Genocides in History.

Supplementing Chapter 21

The Second Industrial Revolution.

Bessemer Steel Process.

Periodic Table.

The Telephone.

Department Stores.

London.

Paris.

New York.

How the Other Half Lives (1890): "The Problem of the Children."].

Jacob Riis .

Sewers.

Subways.

Football.

Baseball.

Tourism.

Edgar Degas.

Absinthe.

Mary Baker Eddy.

Francis Galton and Criminology .

Jack the Ripper.

Sherlock Holmes.

Pope Pius IX.

Ivan Pavlov, Behaviorist.

Auguste Compte, Sociologist.

Leopold von Ranke, Historian.

Louis Pasteur.

Joseph Lister.

Charles Darwin.

Herbert Spencer.

Albert Einstein.

Max Planck, Physicist.

Emile Durkheim.

Sigmund Freud.

About Sigmund Freud's Totem and Taboo.

Realism in Art and Literature.

Thomas Eakins, American Realist Painter.

Gustav Courbet, Painter.

Impressionism.

Claude Monet.

Expressionism.

Edvard Munch, Painter.

Vincent Van Gogh, Painter.

Gustav Flaubert, Novelist.

Emile Zola, Novelist.

Henry James, Novelist.

Leo Tolstoy, Novelist.

Igor Stravinsky, Composer.

Supplementing Chapter 22

World War One (Comprehensive Summary).

Triple Entente.

Jean Jaures, Socialist Leader.

Franz Joseph of Austria.

Otto Von Bismarck.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

The Black Hand.

Serbia.

Treaty of Versailles.

Woodrow Wilson.

Russian Revolution of 1917.

Bolsheviks.

Vladimir Lenin.

Czar Nicholas II.

Grigori Rasputin, the "Mad Monk".

Grand Duchess Anastasia, A Mystery.

Faberge Eggs.

Propaganda.

Hague Convention of 1907.

Trench Warfare.

Total War.

The Armoured Car and Tanks.

Fighter Aircraft.

Chemical Warfare.

Prosthetics for Amputees.

Battle of the Somme (1916), more than 1 million killed.

The Zimmermann Telegram.

The RMS Lusitania.

Submarines.

The Red Baron.

"Over There" by George M. Cohan.

Kathe Kollwitz, Sculptor.

Wilfred Owen, the Trench Poet.

"Dulce Et Decorum Est," the most famous poem of WWI by Wilfred Owen.

Siegfried Sassoon.

Ernest Hemingway.

Ludwig Meidner's Apocalyptic Landscapes.

Otto Dix Gallery (Some of this is shockingly graphic) .

Supplementing Chapter 23

World War II.

Oswald Spengler, The Decline of the West (1918).

Rosa Luxemburg.

Sinn Fein and Irish Nationalism.

The Roaring Twenties (Jazz Age).

The Great Depression.

Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Roosevelt's "New Deal".

Works Progress Administration.

John Maynard Keynes, Economist.

Weimar Republic.

Hyperinflation.

Adolf Hitler.

Mein Kampf by Adolph Hitler.

Fascism.

Nazism.

Triumph of the Will, Nazi Propaganda Film.

Heinrich Himmler.

Joseph Goebbels.

Nazi SS.

Josef Mengele.

Eugenics.

Anti-Semitism.

The Eternal Jew, Nazi Propaganda Film.

The Holocaust.

Auschwitz Concentration Camp.

Anne Frank.

I. G. Farben.

Winston Churchill.

Joseph Stalin.

Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Erwin Rommel.

Maginot Line (France).

Blitzkrieg.

Rocketry.

Pearl Harbor.

Internment Camps (note Japanese in United States).

D-Day Invasion of Normandy.

The Kamakaze.

Nuclear Weapons.

Hiroshima.

Nagasaki.

Radio.

Modernism.

Franz Kafka.

James Joyce.

T. S. Eliot.

Virginia Woolf.

Pablo Picasso.

Marcel Duchamp.

Dorothea Lange, Great Depression Photographer.

Robert Capa, War Photographer.

The Lost Generation.

Dada (Art Movement).

Un Chien Andalou.

Fritz Lang and early film.

Bauhaus Architects.

Totalitarianism.

George Orwell.

Supplementing Chapter 24

Tehran Conference.

Yalta Conference.

Potsdam Conference.

Harry S. Truman.

The Truman Doctrine of Containment.

The "Iron Curtain".

Marshall Plan.

Berlin Blockade.

Berlin Wall.

The Cold War.

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

NATO.

Warsaw Pact.

McCarthyism.

The United Nations.

John F. Kennedy.

Lyndon Johnson.

Civil Rights Movement.

Martin Luther King, Jr..

Feminism.

Simone de Beauvoir.

Betty Friedan.

Richard Nixon.

Ronald Reagan.

Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles.

Air Raid Shelters.

Cuban Missile Crisis.

Nikita Khrushchev.

Fidel Castro.

Mao Zedong.

Great Leap Forward.

Taiwan.

Korean War.

Vietnam War.

Social Security.

Third-World.

Mohandas Gandhi.

Palestine.

Israel.

Zionism.

OPEC.

South Africa.

Nelson Mandela.

Environmentalism.

Moon Landing.

Existentialism.

Jean-Paul Sartre.

Albert Camus.

Theatre of the Absurd.

Federico Fellini.

Jean-Luc Godard.

Samuel Beckett.

Arnold Schoenberg.

Baby Boomers.

Sexual Revolution.

Jackson Pollock.

Andy Warhol.

Hippies.

About Howl by Allen Ginsberg.

Supplementing Chapter 25

Mikhail Gorbachev.

Perestroika.

Glasnost.

Vaclav Havel.

Velvet Revolution.

Boris Yeltsin.

George H. W. Bush.

Gulf War.

Bill Clinton.

Hillary Rodham Clinton.

Bosnia and Herzegovina.

North American Free Trade Agreement.

European Union.

Globalization.

Islamic Fundamentalism.

Terrorism.

September 11, 2001, Attacks.

Israeli-Palestinian-Conflict .

George W. Bush.

Preventive War.

Unilateralism.

Afganistan.

Iraq War.

Saddam Hussein.

Postmodernism.

Jacques Derrida.

Michel Foucault.

Judith Butler.

Robert Venturi.

Contemporary Art.

The Culture War.

Political Correctness.

The Religious Right.

The Internet.

Human Genome Project.

AIDS/HIV.

Asian Bird Flu.

Germ Warfare.

Nuclear War and Terrorism.

Global Warming.

The Population Bomb.

The End of Civilzation?.

Osama Bin Laden, Speech of November 1, 2004.